概述
目前在触头材料的制备工艺中,粉末冶金法越来越受到人们的重视,已经成为触头材料主要的制造工艺,用这种方法可以制造出银钨、铜钨、银碳化钨、银碳化钨石墨、银镍、银镍石墨、银石墨、银金属氧化物等系列触头产品。其产品具有以下特点:
① 粉末冶金法制备的触头产品成分及质量较其它工艺方法易于控制,保证了触头产品性能的一致性,通过运用化学包覆法、共沉淀法、雾化法、机械合金化等先进制粉工艺,使其他组元粒子细化,并均匀分布银或铜基体中,对改善触头材料的金相组织,提高触头产品性能大有好处。
② 银石墨触头产品采用烧结挤压工艺生产,其致密度高达99.9%,同时,第二组元石墨在银基体中呈纤维状分布,纤维排列方向垂直或平行于电触头产品表面,使材料的物理机械性能大为提高,同时使产品具有更优良的抗熔焊、耐电弧烧损和低而稳定的接触电阻等电性能。
③银钨、银碳化钨、铜钨等触头产品选用不同粒度组成的原材料粉末,添加镍、钴等微量元素,采用预烧结、活化烧结技术,提高产品的致密度,从而改善触头材料的电性能。
粉末触头材料应用广泛,主要用途有
① 银钨系列:
应用于各种万能式断路器、塑壳式断路器、重负荷交、直流接触器及其它开关电器。
② 铜钨系列:
广泛应用于高压断路器上。
③ 银碳化钨、银碳化钨石墨系列
主要用于电流负荷高的开关装置,如断路器,漏电开关。 很多情况下, 它与银镍或银碳化钨同时使用。
④ 银镍系列:
广泛应用于交、直流继电器、指令开关、接触器、光控开关、温控器及洗衣机的定时器等。
⑤ 银镍石墨系列:
广泛应用于万能式断路器中,如DW45等智能型万能断路器,与银钨电触头配对使用。
⑥ 银石墨系列:
主要用于保护开关,如微型断路器,漏电保护开关或发动机保护开关,配对触头常用银镍或铜。
⑦ 银金属氧化物等系列:
主要应用于中大容量继电器、接触器、中小容量低压断路器、交直流开关、动力保护开关、漏电保护开关、汽车电器等对粉末触头产品的生产,现有高速混粉机、高能球磨机、真空干燥机、多工位自动冲压机、连续烧结炉、钼丝炉、万能式液压机、挤压机、切片机、分片机、连续脱碳炉、、精密平面磨床、粒度测试仪、金相显微镜等生产、检测设备120台套,可根据用户的具体技术要求进行开发生产,年生产能力达60吨
粉末触头产品的材料成分及物理机械性能
材料名称 | 组成成分(Wt%) | 密度≥ g/cm3 |
硬度 ≥ |
电阻率≦ μΩ.cm |
|||||||
Ag | Cu | Ni | W | WC | C | ZnO | SnO2 | ||||
AgW(40) | 60.0 | --- | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 12.40 | 85 | 2.60 |
AgW(50) | 50.0 | --- | --- | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 13.15 | 105 | 3.00 |
AgW(55) | 45.0 | --- | --- | 55.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 13.55 | 115 | 3.20 |
AgW(60) | 40.0 | --- | --- | 60.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 14.00 | 125 | 3.40 |
AgW(70) | 30.0 | --- | --- | 70.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 14.90 | 150 | 3.80 |
AgW(80) | 20.0 | --- | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 16.10 | 180 | 4.60 |
CuW(50) | --- | 50.0 | --- | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 11.85 | 115 | 3.20 |
CuW(60) | --- | 40.0 | --- | 60.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 12.75 | 140 | 3.70 |
CuW(70) | --- | 30.0 | --- | 70.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 13.80 | 175 | 4.10 |
CuW(80) | --- | 20.0 | --- | 80.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 15.15 | 220 | 5.00 |
CuW(90) | --- | 10.0 | --- | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 16.75 | 260 | 6.50 |
AgWC(40) | 60.0 | --- | --- | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | 11.70 | 120 | 4.10 |
AgWC(50) | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- | 50.0 | --- | --- | --- | 12.20 | 130 | 4.70 |
AgWC(60) | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | 60.0 | --- | --- | --- | 12.60 | 150 | 5.80 |
AgWC(120)C(3) | 85.0 | --- | --- | --- | 12.0 | 3.0 | --- | --- | 9.40 | 55 | 3.40 |
AgNi(10) | 90.0 | --- | 10.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 10.00 | 75 | 2.10 |
AgNi(15) | 85.0 | --- | 15.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 9.90 | 76 | 2.20 |
AgNi(20) | 80.0 | --- | 20.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 9.80 | 77 | 2.30 |
AgNi(30) | 70.0 | --- | 30.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 9.70 | 80 | 2.70 |
AgNi(40) | 60.0 | --- | 40.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 9.50 | 85 | 3.40 |
AgNi(30)C(3) | 67.0 | --- | 30.0 | --- | --- | 3.0 | --- | --- | 8.70 | 55 | 3.50 |
AgC(3) | 97.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | --- | --- | 9.10 | 35 | 2.2 |
AgC(5) | 95.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | --- | --- | 8.60 | 35 | 2.5 |
AgZnO(8) | 92.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 | --- | 9.50 | 70 | 2.60 |
AgZnO(10) | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 10.0 | --- | 9.40 | 73 | 2.70 |
AgZnO(12) | 88.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 12.0 | --- | 9.30 | 75 | 3.00 |
AgSnO2(8) | 92.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 | 9.90 | 65 | 2.50 |
AgSnO2(10) | 90.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 10.0 | 9.80 | 70 | 2.70 |
AgSnO2(12) | 88.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 12.0 | 9.70 | 75 | 3.00 |
CuWC(15) | --- | 85.0 | --- | --- | 15.0 | --- | --- | --- | 9.10 | 60 | 3.0 |
CuC(3) | --- | 97.0 | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | --- | --- | 7.90 | 46 | 3.0 |