概述

目前在触头材料的制备工艺中,粉末冶金法越来越受到人们的重视,已经成为触头材料主要的制造工艺,用这种方法可以制造出银钨、铜钨、银碳化钨、银碳化钨石墨、银镍、银镍石墨、银石墨、银金属氧化物等系列触头产品。其产品具有以下特点:

① 粉末冶金法制备的触头产品成分及质量较其它工艺方法易于控制,保证了触头产品性能的一致性,通过运用化学包覆法、共沉淀法、雾化法、机械合金化等先进制粉工艺,使其他组元粒子细化,并均匀分布银或铜基体中,对改善触头材料的金相组织,提高触头产品性能大有好处。

② 银石墨触头产品采用烧结挤压工艺生产,其致密度高达99.9%,同时,第二组元石墨在银基体中呈纤维状分布,纤维排列方向垂直或平行于电触头产品表面,使材料的物理机械性能大为提高,同时使产品具有更优良的抗熔焊、耐电弧烧损和低而稳定的接触电阻等电性能。

③银钨、银碳化钨、铜钨等触头产品选用不同粒度组成的原材料粉末,添加镍、钴等微量元素,采用预烧结、活化烧结技术,提高产品的致密度,从而改善触头材料的电性能。

粉末触头材料应用广泛,主要用途有

① 银钨系列:

应用于各种万能式断路器、塑壳式断路器、重负荷交、直流接触器及其它开关电器。

② 铜钨系列:

广泛应用于高压断路器上。

③ 银碳化钨、银碳化钨石墨系列

主要用于电流负荷高的开关装置,如断路器,漏电开关。 很多情况下, 它与银镍或银碳化钨同时使用。

④ 银镍系列:

广泛应用于交、直流继电器、指令开关、接触器、光控开关、温控器及洗衣机的定时器等。

⑤ 银镍石墨系列:

广泛应用于万能式断路器中,如DW45等智能型万能断路器,与银钨电触头配对使用。

⑥ 银石墨系列:

主要用于保护开关,如微型断路器,漏电保护开关或发动机保护开关,配对触头常用银镍或铜。

⑦ 银金属氧化物等系列:

主要应用于中大容量继电器、接触器、中小容量低压断路器、交直流开关、动力保护开关、漏电保护开关、汽车电器等对粉末触头产品的生产,现有高速混粉机、高能球磨机、真空干燥机、多工位自动冲压机、连续烧结炉、钼丝炉、万能式液压机、挤压机、切片机、分片机、连续脱碳炉、、精密平面磨床、粒度测试仪、金相显微镜等生产、检测设备120台套,可根据用户的具体技术要求进行开发生产,年生产能力达60吨

粉末触头产品的材料成分及物理机械性能

材料名称 组成成分(Wt%) 密度≥
g/cm3
硬度
电阻率≦
μΩ.cm
Ag  Cu  Ni  W  WC  ZnO  SnO2
AgW(40) 60.0 --- --- 40.0 --- --- --- --- 12.40 85 2.60
AgW(50) 50.0 --- --- 50.0 --- --- --- --- 13.15 105 3.00
AgW(55) 45.0 --- --- 55.0 --- --- --- --- 13.55 115 3.20
AgW(60) 40.0 --- --- 60.0 --- --- --- --- 14.00 125 3.40
AgW(70) 30.0 --- --- 70.0 --- --- --- --- 14.90 150 3.80
AgW(80) 20.0 --- --- 80.0 --- --- --- --- 16.10 180 4.60
CuW(50) --- 50.0 --- 50.0 --- --- --- --- 11.85 115 3.20
CuW(60) --- 40.0 --- 60.0 --- --- --- --- 12.75 140 3.70
CuW(70) --- 30.0 --- 70.0 --- --- --- --- 13.80 175 4.10
CuW(80) --- 20.0 --- 80.0 --- --- --- --- 15.15 220 5.00
CuW(90) --- 10.0 --- 90.0 --- --- --- --- 16.75 260 6.50
AgWC(40) 60.0 --- --- --- 40.0 --- --- --- 11.70 120 4.10
AgWC(50) 50.0 --- --- --- 50.0 --- --- --- 12.20 130 4.70
AgWC(60) 40.0 --- --- --- 60.0 --- --- --- 12.60 150 5.80
AgWC(120)C(3) 85.0 --- --- --- 12.0 3.0 --- --- 9.40 55 3.40
AgNi(10) 90.0 --- 10.0 --- --- --- --- --- 10.00 75 2.10
AgNi(15) 85.0 --- 15.0 --- --- --- --- --- 9.90 76 2.20
AgNi(20) 80.0 --- 20.0 --- --- --- --- --- 9.80 77 2.30
AgNi(30) 70.0 --- 30.0 --- --- --- --- --- 9.70 80 2.70
AgNi(40) 60.0 --- 40.0 --- --- --- --- --- 9.50 85 3.40
AgNi(30)C(3) 67.0 --- 30.0 --- --- 3.0 --- --- 8.70 55 3.50
AgC(3) 97.0 --- --- --- --- 3.0 --- --- 9.10 35 2.2
AgC(5) 95.0 --- --- --- --- 5.0 --- --- 8.60 35 2.5
AgZnO(8) 92.0 --- --- --- --- --- 8.0 --- 9.50 70 2.60
AgZnO(10) 90.0 --- --- --- --- --- 10.0 --- 9.40 73 2.70
AgZnO(12) 88.0 --- --- --- --- --- 12.0 --- 9.30 75 3.00
AgSnO2(8) 92.0 --- --- --- --- --- --- 8.0 9.90 65 2.50
AgSnO2(10) 90.0 --- --- --- --- --- --- 10.0 9.80 70 2.70
AgSnO2(12) 88.0 --- --- --- --- --- --- 12.0 9.70 75 3.00
CuWC(15) --- 85.0 --- --- 15.0 --- --- --- 9.10 60 3.0
CuC(3) --- 97.0 --- --- --- 3.0 --- --- 7.90 46 3.0